Frequent mood swings

Before You Begin
Pause and breathe. Even if this shouldn't be happening... accept that it is and embrace it with composure and calmness.
Calmness is the only way forward because without calm, there is no possibility for receptiveness and connection. Your child won't give to you any more than they see from you.
Never forget that a strong connection is fundamental, as there will be no correction in them if there is no connection with you.
The Core Problem
This may be related to any or all of the following: difficulty managing emotions, stress, hormonal changes, or unmet emotional needs.
What Will Make It Worse
Reacting with frustration, impatience, or invalidating the child's emotions can exacerbate the mood swings.
Dismissing their feelings or labeling them as "moody" might make the child feel misunderstood and unsupported.
What The Child Needs
1. Better emotional regulation skills: The child needs to learn skills to identify and manage their feelings effectively. Teach them deep breathing, mindfulness, or other coping strategies. Additionally, model emotional regulation in daily life so they can see it is something everyone deals with.
2. Emotional safety: Provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for the child to express their feelings without fear of criticism or punishment. Express empathy for challenges they may be facing, and that you are there to support them.
4. Open communication and problem-solving: Encourage the child to communicate their feelings and concerns openly. Help them problem-solve situations and find constructive ways to cope with challenging emotions.
5. Stability: Provide a consistent environment and predictable routine, as it can help the child feel more secure and stable.
How To Have The Conversation With Your Child
Find a time and place where the child feels comfortable to talk about why they are having these frequent mood swings.
Use empathy and active listening to show that you genuinely care.
Listen without interrupting, so the child feels heard and validated. Avoid judgment and criticism during the conversation.
The child seeing the effort you are putting in to comfort them is key towards them achieving better emotional stability.
Even if it doesn't all happen in one conversation, start acting on the provided list of items that the child needs.